
Amanda Kahn
by Amanda Kahn, Invertebrate Zoology and Molecular Ecology Lab
Hi again. I received a few questions in my previous post that I would like to address in this post. A user named doughnutfan asked three great questions about sponges.
Q: Are the spicules themselves responsible for filtering out the food particles?
A: Sponge spicules do not filter food particles out of the water – what they do is support the cells that do. I often think of sponges as skyscrapers (yes, I really do); it makes it a lot easier to visualize what different body parts of sponges are good for. Spicules are like the beams and internal structures that support the skyscraper – they provide support and give the sponge its shape. Spicules also make sponges hard to eat; very few animals can handle passing glass shards through their digestive systems!
Instead, what is responsible for filtering food out of the water is a type of cell called a choanocyte (ko-AN-oh-site). It looks like a funny name at first, but it’s named after a group of microscopic single-celled organisms called choanoflagellates. The choanocytes in sponges look just like the free-roaming choanoflagellates, but intsead of being solitary, single-celled organisms, sponge choanocytes are clustered together and work together to get food. As a side note, the strong similarity between the way choanoflagellates and sponge choanocytes is no coincidence. Currently, the favored hypothesis of how animals first evolved from single-celled organisms is that choanoflagellates evolved into sponges (specifically, the choanocytes in sponges). (more…)